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Doctrine that organizes the state through a constitutional division of power between a central government and autonomous regional units, such as cantons or states, with their own competencies, independent courts, and mutual checks against excessive concentration of power.
EDITORIAL SUMMARY
I want power divided by constitution between a central government and autonomous states, with independent courts checking any excessive concentration.
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This position is 42.5 points from the median of the 257 ideology profiles in this collection.
This is the largest distance from this collection’s median across the twelve axes. The collection is not a survey of public opinion.
This position is 5.0 points from this collection’s median.
This is the smallest median distance across the twelve axes; it does not establish a historical or political consensus.
Scores below are similarity indices out of 100, calculated from catalog coordinates. They do not establish historical influence or endorsement. How the comparison works ↗
A British philosopher, Berlin distinguished negative from positive liberty and championed value pluralism, warning against totalitarian utopias and becoming a reference of 20th-century liberal thought.
Closest by facet
Each facet compares three axes: governance (power distribution, representation, civil liberties), culture (integration, religion, social norms), or economy (ownership, coordination, trade). Full-profile similarity compares all twelve.
Other nearby figures
Most distant figures
Scores below are similarity indices out of 100, calculated from catalog coordinates. They do not establish historical influence or endorsement. How the comparison works ↗
Related Doctrines
Scores below are similarity indices out of 100, calculated from catalog coordinates. They do not establish historical influence or endorsement. How the comparison works ↗
Most compatible among the 257 schools
A system in which citizens decide laws directly through referendums, popular initiatives, assemblies and recall of officials, instead of delegating to representatives, as in the Swiss cantons and classical Athens.
Broad political tradition emphasizing liberty, individual rights, toleration, the rule of law, and justification of political authority. Classical, social, and other liberal traditions differ on property, redistribution, and the role of government.
Current created by Henry George proposing to fund society with a single tax on land value, holding that land rent belongs to everyone and that labor and capital should not be taxed.
Most distant ideology
Stalinist SocialismEsquerda Radical44.2 / 100
