Home / Figures / Baruch Spinoza
A Dutch rationalist philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish descent, Spinoza identified God with Nature, rejected dogma and free will, and argued in the Ethics and the Theologico-Political Treatise for tolerance, freedom of thought and democracy as the most rational regime.
Editorial coordinates · view sources & context ↓
Sources below support the specific identity or context claims indicated. They do not validate this profile’s twelve numerical coordinates, its closest matches, or every statement in its description.
A documented source review is still pending for this entry. Treat its description and coordinates as an atlas interpretation.
How to interpret catalog profilesPolitical Axes
These coordinates are editorial interpretations. The two pole scores add to 100; they describe a position in this model, rather than a probability. Read how catalog profiles are interpreted ↗
This position is 35.0 points from the median of the 449 figure profiles in this collection.
This is the largest distance from this collection’s median across the twelve axes. The collection is not a survey of public opinion.
This position is 4.3 points from this collection’s median.
This is the smallest median distance across the twelve axes; it does not establish a historical or political consensus.
Ideological Alignment
Scores below are similarity indices out of 100, calculated from catalog coordinates. They do not establish historical influence or endorsement. How the comparison works ↗
Most compatible among the 257 ideologies
Broad political tradition emphasizing liberty, individual rights, toleration, the rule of law, and justification of political authority. Classical, social, and other liberal traditions differ on property, redistribution, and the role of government.
Current that unites individual freedom, markets, and democracy with the ecological agenda, defending sustainability, rights, and innovation to reconcile economic prosperity with effective environmental protection.
Contested term for intellectual traditions and policy programs emphasizing private enterprise, competition, and market exchange. It often supports privatization and deregulation while retaining a state role in establishing market rules and providing some public goods.
Most distant ideology
Clerical FascismTerceira Posição40.5 / 100Scores below are similarity indices out of 100, calculated from catalog coordinates. They do not establish historical influence or endorsement. How the comparison works ↗
Governor of Rio Grande do Sul, Leite privatised the state water and power utilities and reformed its pension system; the first Brazilian governor to come out as gay, he switched parties to run in 2026.
Closest by facet
Each facet compares three axes: governance (power distribution, representation, civil liberties), culture (integration, religion, social norms), or economy (ownership, coordination, trade). Full-profile similarity compares all twelve.
Other compatible figures
Most distant figures
Scores below are similarity indices out of 100, calculated from catalog coordinates. They do not establish historical influence or endorsement. How the comparison works ↗
Brazil's most populous and wealthiest state, São Paulo is the country's industrial and financial engine, marked by strong economic liberalism, a cosmopolitan culture, and decisive weight in national politics.
Similar by dimension
Most different modern nations
Germany's first democracy, the Weimar Republic united parliamentarism, proportional representation, and intense cultural life, but was undermined by economic crises and political instability that paved the way for Nazism.
Similar by dimension
Most different historical profiles