The atlas / Countries
Politics, put into practice.
From ancient empires to modern republics. Explore how states and regimes organize power, shape society, and engage with the world.
204 profiles
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- Current states & regions
Denmark
A Nordic parliamentary monarchy, Denmark combines a generous welfare state, high taxes, and a competitive market economy, pairing strong social equality with more restrictive migration policies.
- Early modern
Dutch Republic (United Provinces)
A pioneering modern merchant republic, the United Provinces were a confederation governed by a commercial oligarchy, marked by religious tolerance, free trade, and immense naval and financial power at their height.
- 20th & 21st centuries
East Germany
The German Democratic Republic was a socialist state aligned with the Soviet Union, with single-party rule, an extensive political police, a planned economy, rigid social control, state secularization, and military integration into the Eastern Bloc.
- Current states & regions
Ecuador
An Andean republic dollarized since 2000, Ecuador is governed by Daniel Noboa, who declared an internal armed conflict against organized crime and deployed soldiers in the streets and prisons, but saw foreign military bases rejected in a 2025 referendum.
- Current states & regions
Egypt
An Arab presidential republic, Egypt is governed by an authoritarian regime with heavy military weight, which prioritizes security and stability, controls the opposition, and directs much of the economy through the state.
- Current states & regions
El Salvador
A presidential republic in Central America, El Salvador gained prominence for its tough security policy against gangs and its adoption of bitcoin, uniting strong popular support and the concentration of power in the executive.
- 19th century
Empire of Brazil
Brazil’s monarchy from 1822 to 1889 included the reigns of Pedro I and Pedro II and an intervening regency. Slavery and export agriculture shaped its economy; constitutional institutions coexisted with substantial imperial powers.
- 19th century
Empire of Japan
The Japanese imperial regime of the early 20th century combined sacred monarchy, militarism, accelerated industrialization, expansionist nationalism, and strong social discipline until its defeat in World War II.
- Current states & regions
England (United Kingdom)
The largest constituent country of the United Kingdom, England is governed directly by Westminster with no parliament of its own, with an established Church of England, a public health service (NHS), a financial centre in London, a Brexit majority and a growing populist vote.
- Current states & regions
Estonia
A Baltic parliamentary republic, Estonia unites liberal democracy, an open economy, an advanced digital state, and strong Euro-Atlantic alignment, remaining vigilant about national sovereignty in the face of Russian pressure.
- Current states & regions
European Union
A supranational political and economic union, the European Union integrates democratic states through shared institutions, a common market, coordinated regulation, free movement, and a strong commitment to rights, secularism, and international cooperation.
- 20th & 21st centuries
Fascist Italy (Mussolini)
The birthplace of fascism, Mussolini's Italy was a totalitarian dictatorship that fused nationalism, a cult of the leader, a corporatist state, and militarism, suppressing opposition and seeking imperial expansion by force.
- Current states & regions
Finland
A Nordic parliamentary republic, Finland combines a welfare state, social market economy, high educational and technological performance, progressive values, and a strategic culture shaped by territorial defense and its border with Russia.
- Current states & regions
Florida (United States)
A US state with a conservative, pro-market profile, Florida combines low taxation, tourism, intense immigration, combative cultural politics, and a state government active in security and education.
- Current states & regions
France
A European semi-presidential republic, France combines a strong republican and secular tradition, a robust welfare state, a mixed economy, and a prominent diplomatic, cultural, and military role in the European Union and the world.
- 20th & 21st centuries
Francoist Spain
A dictatorship born of the Civil War, Franco's Spain was an authoritarian, Catholic, corporatist regime that united nationalism and political repression and lasted until the democratic transition after the dictator's death.
- 20th & 21st centuries
Free Territory (Makhnovshchina)
During the Russian Revolution, Makhno's Free Territory was an anarchist experiment in Ukraine, with self-managed peasant communes and popular militias that rejected both the White state and Bolshevik power.
- 20th & 21st centuries
Fujimori's Peru
Under Alberto Fujimori, Peru combined a self-coup and the closing of Congress with neoliberal shock reforms, privatisations and trade liberalisation, alongside a dirty war against the Shining Path marked by massacres and forced sterilisations.
- 20th & 21st centuries
Gaddafi's Libya
Under Muammar Gaddafi (1969–2011), Libya nationalized oil and proclaimed the Jamahiriya's direct democracy. Power remained concentrated in Gaddafi, backed by revolutionary committees and repression of the opposition.
- Current states & regions
Georgia
A semi-presidential republic in the Caucasus, Georgia pursues integration with the European Union and NATO, maintains an open market economy, and faces Russian occupation of Abkhazia and South Ossetia since 2008.
- 19th century
German Empire (Second Reich)
The German imperial state from 1871 to 1918 united Prussian-led federalism, limited constitutional monarchy, male suffrage for the Reichstag, strong Kaiser and chancellor authority, rapid industrialization, militarism, and the foreign policy of a rising power.
- Current states & regions
Germany
A parliamentary federal republic, Germany is Europe's largest economy, with a social market economy, a strong export industry, and a central role in the European Union, uniting democratic stability and geopolitical weight.
- 19th century
Gran Colombia
An ephemeral republic created by Simón Bolívar, Gran Colombia gathered vast territories of northern South America into a centralist, militarized state, which dissolved within a few years due to regional and political rivalries.
- Current states & regions
Greece
A southeastern European parliamentary democracy with the Orthodox Church recognized in its constitution, Greece overcame the debt crisis under EU-imposed austerity, is governed by Kyriakos Mitsotakis's New Democracy and legalized same-sex marriage in 2024.
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